Influencia de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en la eutrofización del humedal de Huaper, Ayacucho, Perú.
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma Huanta
Resumen
La eutrofización es un fenómeno que se manifiesta en los ecosistemas de agua dulce debido a la acumulación excesiva de nutrientes, generando proliferación de algas, disminución del oxígeno disuelto y alteraciones ecológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en qué grado los parámetros fisicoquímicos influyen en la eutrofización del Humedal Huaper, ubicado al interior del distrito Luricocha en la comunidad de Azangaro, a fin de proponer medidas de gestión ambiental. La metodología fue de tipo aplicada, enfoque cualitativo, nivel descriptivo y diseño no experimental, ello consistió en un monitoreo ambiental realizado en cuatro puntos de muestreo distribuidos estratégicamente en el Humedal Huaper, Ayacucho. Se obtuvieron muestras de agua superficial conforme a los procedimientos estipulados por la normativa nacional R.J. Nº 010-2016-ANA. Los parámetros analizados en el laboratorio SGS del Perú incluyeron Fósforo Total, Clorofila a, Nitrógeno Total, DBO5, Amonio, Nitratos y los parámetros monitoreados con el multiparámetro fueron el pH, Oxígeno Disuelto, Temperatura, Sólidos Disueltos Totales, Transparencia y Conductividad. Los resultados mostraron que el Fósforo Total fue de 0.028 mg/L y el Nitrógeno Total fue de 2.395 mg/L, ambos estuvieron por encima de los valores internacionales comúnmente asociados a procesos de eutrofización. Sin embargo, el Fósforo se mantuvo ligeramente por debajo del Estándar de Calidad Ambiental – ECA, nacional para cuerpos de agua categoría 4. El valor del Oxígeno Disuelto fue de 4.25 mg/L, siendo muy bajo, lo cual implica restricciones para la supervivencia de los organismos acuáticos según estándares nacionales. Se concluyó que, el humedal Huaper se calificó como mesotrófico, presenta indicios de un proceso de eutrofización leve, evidenciado por concentraciones elevadas de Nitrógeno y Fósforo Total, reflejando la necesidad de monitoreo y medidas preventivas de gestión ambiental.
Eutrophication is a phenomenon that occurs in freshwater ecosystems due to the excessive accumulation of nutrients, leading to algal blooms, decreased dissolved oxygen, and ecological disturbances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which physicochemical parameters influence the eutrophication of the Huaper Wetland, located within the Luricocha district in the Azangaro community, in order to propose environmental management measures. The methodology was applied, mixed-methods, descriptive-level, and non-experimental, consisting of environmental monitoring conducted at four sampling points strategically distributed across the Huaper Wetland in Ayacucho. Surface water samples were collected in accordance with the procedures stipulated by National Regulation R.J. No. 010-2016-ANA. The analyzed parameters included Total Phosphorus, Chlorophyll a, Total Nitrogen, Transparency, BOD5, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammonium, Nitrates, and Conductivity. The results showed that Total Phosphorus was 0.028 mg/L and Total Nitrogen was 2.395 mg/L, both exceeding the international values commonly associated with eutrophication processes. However, phosphorus remained slightly below the national Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for Category 4 water bodies. The dissolved oxygen value was 4.25 mg/L, which is very low and implies restrictions on the survival of aquatic organisms according to national standards. It was concluded that the Huaper Wetland was classified as mesotrophic and shows evidence of a mild eutrophication process, as indicated by elevated concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus, highlighting the need for monitoring and preventive environmental management measures
Eutrophication is a phenomenon that occurs in freshwater ecosystems due to the excessive accumulation of nutrients, leading to algal blooms, decreased dissolved oxygen, and ecological disturbances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which physicochemical parameters influence the eutrophication of the Huaper Wetland, located within the Luricocha district in the Azangaro community, in order to propose environmental management measures. The methodology was applied, mixed-methods, descriptive-level, and non-experimental, consisting of environmental monitoring conducted at four sampling points strategically distributed across the Huaper Wetland in Ayacucho. Surface water samples were collected in accordance with the procedures stipulated by National Regulation R.J. No. 010-2016-ANA. The analyzed parameters included Total Phosphorus, Chlorophyll a, Total Nitrogen, Transparency, BOD5, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solids, Ammonium, Nitrates, and Conductivity. The results showed that Total Phosphorus was 0.028 mg/L and Total Nitrogen was 2.395 mg/L, both exceeding the international values commonly associated with eutrophication processes. However, phosphorus remained slightly below the national Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for Category 4 water bodies. The dissolved oxygen value was 4.25 mg/L, which is very low and implies restrictions on the survival of aquatic organisms according to national standards. It was concluded that the Huaper Wetland was classified as mesotrophic and shows evidence of a mild eutrophication process, as indicated by elevated concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus, highlighting the need for monitoring and preventive environmental management measures
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Eutrofización, Humedal Huaper, Calidad del agua, Parámetros fisicoquímicos, Gestión ambiental, Eutrophication, Huaper Wetland, Water quality, Physicochemical parameters, Environmental management