Análisis del impacto socioeconómico de la producción de durazno Prunus persica) en el distrito de Iguaín, Ayacucho
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2025-05-27
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma Huanta
Resumen
La producción de durazno (Prunus persica) constituye una actividad agroeconómica relevante en el distrito de Iguaín, Ayacucho, especialmente para la economía de pequeños productores rurales. No obstante, factores como el envejecimiento de la población agrícola, el bajo nivel educativo, la limitada tecnificación y la escasa articulación al mercado reducen su competitividad y sostenibilidad. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del perfil del productor, el proceso productivo, la gestión económica-comercial, y la propiedad y superficie cultivada en el rendimiento, la rentabilidad y el desempeño económico de la producción de durazno en el distrito de Iguaín, Ayacucho. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, explicativo y de diseño no experimental transversal. Se encuestó a 40 productores y se empleó análisis estadístico paramétrico, verificando la normalidad de los datos mediante la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk (p > 0.05). Posteriormente, se aplicó regresión lineal múltiple para analizar el efecto de las variables independientes sobre los indicadores productivos y económicos, Los resultados evidencian que el perfil del productor se caracteriza por una edad promedio de 61.62 años, predominio femenino (52.5 %), bajo nivel educativo y limitada adopción tecnológica. El rendimiento promedio del cultivo fue de 4,175.83 kg/ha, condicionado por el manejo técnico y el acceso a recursos. La inversión promedio alcanzó S/ 2,942.90/ha y la utilidad neta S/ 14,364.87, evidenciando una rentabilidad moderada y desigualdad productiva. El análisis inferencial mostró que el modelo de regresión explicó el 99.2 % de la variabilidad del rendimiento (R² ajustado = 0.992) y el 99.3 % del desempeño económico (R² ajustado = 0.993). El proceso productivo fue la variable con mayor influencia (β = 0.676), seguido por la propiedad y superficie cultivada (β = 0.186) y la gestión económica-comercial (β = 0.154). Aunque el perfil del productor mostró menor peso relativo (β = 0.057), su influencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.01). En conclusiones el rendimiento y la rentabilidad de la producción de durazno en Iguaín dependen principalmente de factores técnicos, estructurales y organizativos.
Peach (Prunus persica) production constitutes a relevant agroeconomic activity in the district of Iguaín, Ayacucho, especially for the economy of small rural producers. However, factors such as the aging of the agricultural population, low educational levels, limited technological adoption, and weak market integration reduce its competitiveness and sustainability. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the producer's profile, the production process, economic-commercial management, and land ownership and cultivated area on yield, profitability, and economic performance of peach production in the district of Iguaín, Ayacucho. A quantitative, explanatory, and non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 40 producers were surveyed, and parametric statistical analysis was used, verifying the normality of the data through the Shapiro-Wilk test (p > 0.05). Subsequently, multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the effect of the independent variables on productive and economic indicators. The results show that the producer profile is characterized by an average age of 61.62 years, a predominance of women (52.5%), low educational attainment, and limited technological adoption. The average yield of the crop was 4,175.83 kg/ha, influenced by technical management and access to resources. The average investment reached S/ 2,942.90/ha, and the net profit was S/ 14,364.87, revealing moderate profitability and productive inequality. Inferential analysis showed that the regression model explained 99.2% of the variability in yield (adjusted R² = 0.992) and 99.3% of the economic performance (adjusted R² = 0.993). The production process was the most influential variable (β = 0.676), followed by land ownership and cultivated area (β = 0.186), and economic-commercial management (β = 0.154). Although the producer profile had a lower relative weight (β = 0.057), its influence was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the yield and profitability of peach production in Iguaín primarily depend on technical, structural, and organizational factors.
Peach (Prunus persica) production constitutes a relevant agroeconomic activity in the district of Iguaín, Ayacucho, especially for the economy of small rural producers. However, factors such as the aging of the agricultural population, low educational levels, limited technological adoption, and weak market integration reduce its competitiveness and sustainability. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the producer's profile, the production process, economic-commercial management, and land ownership and cultivated area on yield, profitability, and economic performance of peach production in the district of Iguaín, Ayacucho. A quantitative, explanatory, and non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 40 producers were surveyed, and parametric statistical analysis was used, verifying the normality of the data through the Shapiro-Wilk test (p > 0.05). Subsequently, multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the effect of the independent variables on productive and economic indicators. The results show that the producer profile is characterized by an average age of 61.62 years, a predominance of women (52.5%), low educational attainment, and limited technological adoption. The average yield of the crop was 4,175.83 kg/ha, influenced by technical management and access to resources. The average investment reached S/ 2,942.90/ha, and the net profit was S/ 14,364.87, revealing moderate profitability and productive inequality. Inferential analysis showed that the regression model explained 99.2% of the variability in yield (adjusted R² = 0.992) and 99.3% of the economic performance (adjusted R² = 0.993). The production process was the most influential variable (β = 0.676), followed by land ownership and cultivated area (β = 0.186), and economic-commercial management (β = 0.154). Although the producer profile had a lower relative weight (β = 0.057), its influence was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the yield and profitability of peach production in Iguaín primarily depend on technical, structural, and organizational factors.
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Impacto socioeconómico, Prunus persica, Producción agrícola