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Concentración de metales pesados en cultivares de Persea americana, Luricocha, Huanta
(ALFA. Revista de Investigacion en ciencia agronomicas y Veterinarias, 2023-05-20) Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Rodriguez, Juan; Casas Reátegui, Rubén; Huamani Urpe, Idania Lidia; Hinojosa Benavides, René Antonio
La contaminación por metales pesados se ha diseminado a lo largo y ancho del planeta, complicando el ambiente que se traduce en serios problemas de salud para la humanidad. El objetivo es determinar el nivel de concentración de plomo y cadmio, en los suelos del cultivo de palto (Persea americana) en Luricocha, para lo cual se realizó la extracción de muestras de suelo de siete comités de regantes, contando con una población de 138,82 hectáreas de cultivo; de tal manera que, por la magnitud del área se tomó en cuenta la muestra por conveniencia de 10 hectáreas de palto, siguiendo el protocolo de extracción en el palto por parte del laboratorio de Valle Grande, en la determinación de metales pesados mediante el método de espectrometría de absorción atómica de llama. Se destaca entre los resultados obtenidos que el tipo de textura arcillosa es el que contiene los mayores niveles de plomo con 49,23 mg/kg, seguido por un suelo franco arcilloso con 45,71 mg/kg; respecto al cadmio las mayores concentraciones se presentan en los suelos de textura franco arcilloso y arcillosa con 0,331 y 0,330 mg/kg. Se concluyó que, el plomo se encuentra por debajo de los estándares de calidad ambiental para suelos agrícolas; sin embargo, supera ampliamente los valores aceptables de plomo para un suelo no contaminado cuyo valor máximo se encuentra entre 0,0 y 0,2 mg.; por otro lado, el uso de fertilizantes fosfatos también se ha visto influenciado en la mayor concentración de cadmio en el suelo.
Technological Innovations in Sustainable Civil Engineering: Advanced Materials, Resilient Design, and Digital Tools
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Sustainability, 2025-09-29) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Muñoz Sáenz, Doris Marlene; Martinez Hernandez, Jaime Antonio; Garcia Espinoza, Antonina J.; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; Carrasco Badajoz, Carlos; Darwin Pino Cordero; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda
Civil engineering today faces the challenge of responding to climate change, rapid urbanization,
and the need to reduce environmental impacts. These factors drive the search for more sustainable approaches and the adoption of digital technologies. This article addresses three principal dimensions: advanced low-impact materials, resilient structural designs, and digital tools applied throughout the infrastructure life cycle. To this end, a systematic search was conducted considering studies published between 2020 and 2025, including both experimental and review works. The results show that materials such as geopolymers, biopolymers, natural fibers, and nanocomposites can significantly reduce the carbon footprint; however, they still face regulatory, cost, and adoption barriers. Likewise,
modular, adaptable, and performance-based design proposals enhance infrastructure resilience
against extreme climate events. Finally, digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, digital twins, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and 3D printing provide improvements in planning, construction, and maintenance, though with limitations related to interoperability, investment, and training. In conclusion, the integration of materials, design, and digitalization presents a promising pathway toward safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and the concept of smart cities.
Technological Innovations and Circular Economy in the Valorization of Agri-Food By-Products: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Food, 2025-05-30) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Germán De la Cruz; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Garcia Espinoza, Antonina J.; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Muñoz Melgarejo, Mauricio; Jilaja Carita, Enoc E.
The valorization of agri-food by-products is a critical pathway toward building sustainable food systems, reducing waste, and advancing the circular economy. This review aims to identify recent advances, key challenges, and future perspectives in this field. We conducted a critical and systematic synthesis of 159 peer-reviewed studies (2019–2025) selected based on quality and thematic relevance from leading international databases.
The analysis focuses on emerging technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microencapsulation, spray drying, lyophilization, deep eutectic solvents, and colloidal systems,
emphasizing their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds from agro-industrial by-products. Significant challenges include industrial scalability, economic feasibility, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance. This paper also discusses current applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals, outlining promising directions for the sector. Although challenges remain, the findings offer valuable insights for researchers, industry, and policymakers aiming to foster sustainable innovation and implement strategies aligned with circular economy principles.
Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Gummy Candies Fortified with Microcapsules of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Blood Erythrocytes and Tumbo (Passiflora tarminiana) Juice
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Applied sciences, 2025) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Villano Limache, Eliana; Pichihua Oscco, Williams; Choque Quispe, David; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; De la Cruz, Germán; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Campos Huamaní, María José Victoria
Recently, interest in developing functional foods that promote health has grown
significantly. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of microencapsulating guinea pig
blood erythrocytes by vacuum drying and incorporating them into gummies fortified with
tumbo juice. Physicochemical analysis (proximate analysis, iron content, color, pH, soluble
solids, and particle size) and functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared
spectrophotometry were performed on three formulations of gummy candy with added
encapsulated erythrocytes from guinea pig blood (EEGPB): F1 (4% EEGPB), F2 (5% EEGPB),
and F3 (6% EEGPB). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content
(52.02% in F1 to 43.27% in F3) and increases in protein (11.44% in F3) and iron (2.63 mg
Fe/g in F3) contents when higher EEGPB levels were used. Sensory evaluation revealed
that F3 was the most acceptable formulation in terms of taste, aroma, and texture, with
no significant differences in color. FTIR analysis confirmed physical incorporation with
no chemical interactions between ingredients. These results demonstrate that the encapsulation
of erythrocytes by vacuum drying not only preserves the bioactive compounds
but also improves the organoleptic properties of the gummies, making them an attractive
product for consumers. In conclusion, this technique is effective for fortifying functional
foods and has potential application in other food products. This approach represents a
significant advance in the development of innovative functional foods.
Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Irrigation Water: Its Effect on Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Including Carbon Fixation and Root Growth
(Environmental Engineering Science, 2024) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Zirena Vilca, Franz; Laura Ponce, Tatiana Edith; Vera Loayza, Oscar Duberly; Vilela Junqueira, Leonardo; Cahui Galarza, Nestor; Ingrid Maldonado; Campos Quiróz, Clara Nely; Luiz Tornisielo, Valdemar
The presence of antibiotics in irrigation water is an emerging problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation using water-containing ciprofloxacin on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nitrogen and carbon fixation, number of root nodules, root and stem length, and root and stem weight. A surface layer of soil from Piracicaba, Brazil, was used in controlled conditions. The soil pH was adjusted to neutral levels, and alfalfa (M. sativa) was grown. Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium sp. were distributed in 12 pots comprising three treatments employing three repetitions and three controls. The experiment was conducted in a plant growth chamber, where six irrigations were carried out with contaminated water with ciprofloxacin at 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg L−1 for 40 days. The presence of ciprofloxacin in irrigation water decreased carbon fixation in alfalfa leaves by up to 8.9%, reducing the number of root nodules by 96% at 100 μg L−1 and leading to their elongation. However, it had no significant effect on soil nitrogen and carbon, similarly in stem length and, finally, in root and stem biomass. This indicates the tolerance capacity of alfalfa to the tested concentrations.