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Ajuste osmótico y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta (Persea americana), Hass y Fuerte, con sistema de riego por goteo, en zona andina del Perú
(Scientia Agropecuaria publicado Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2024-04-23) Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Paytan Montañez, Tulio Celestino; Aliaga Barrera, Isaac N.; Saravia Navarro, David
El cultivo de palta (Persea americana) no solo es esencial desde el punto de vista económico, sino que también desempeña un papel crucial en la alimentación, la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. El estudio se realizó en Ayacucho-Perú (latitud: 12° 53’ 57’’ S, longitud: 74° 16’ 55’’ O y altitud: 2596 msnm), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de riego tecnificado por goteo en la producción y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta, Hass y Fuerte. El estudio estuvo basado en el uso de un sistema de riego con programación por tratamiento con plantas de palta instaladas en parcelas de 500 m² en 6 sectores, con una densidad de 5 x 5 m, cuya edad estuvo entre 5 a 16 años, de las cuales se consideró 12 plantas (6 plantas con riego por goteo y 6 plantas como testigo con riego por gravedad). Los riegos se efectuaron justo en la etapa de floración y producción garantizando el suministro de agua adecuado en periodos de déficit hídrico, entre febrero a junio de 2022. La cosecha realizada reporto rendimientos 67,96 ± 8,8 t/ha bajo riego tecnificado y de 26,42 ± 4,93 t/ha en riego por gravedad, siendo un incremento del 157% con respecto a este último. En cuanto a las variedades, la palta Fuerte tuvo el mayor rendimiento 49,38 ± 23,06 t/ha con respecto a la variedad Hass (45,0 ± 21,14 t/ha), el rendimiento máximo se dio con riego por goteo para a variedad Fuerte (71,09 ± 8,38 t/ha), esto es explicado por el gasto de energía en el potencial de ajuste osmótico la cual disminuye drásticamente el potencial de rendimiento con riego tradicional por gravedad, obteniendo un rendimiento mínimo en Hass de 25,18 ± 4,44 t/ha.
Biochar-Amended Soils: A Water-Saving Strategy for Quinoa Cultivation in the Andes
(Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 2024-12-30) Condori Ataupillco, Tatiana; Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Kenyi Quispe; Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Velásquez Mantari, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard
Introduction: Previous studies showed that biochar amended soils significantly enhanced the growth and yield of quinoa under water limitations. So it becomes an emerging agronomic strategy to consider for sustainable quinoa production. Biochar can specifically be considered for the area particularly receiving low annual rainfall and more vulnerable to current climate change conditions. Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted using the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla, employing a factorial design to assess the effects of different application rates of biochar made of municipal pruning waste and agricultural waste (0, 1, 2, and 3 t·ha⁻¹), and three irrigation intervals (irrigation every 5 days, irrigation every 10 days, and irrigation every 15 days). The volumetric soil moisture content, the soil hydraulic properties, and quinoa's biometric characteristics and yield components were evaluated. Results: The results indicated that the longest irrigation intervals (10 and 15 days) resulted in soil moisture levels between 19% and 40% below the wilting point (soil matric potential: −1.5 MPa), creating water stress conditions. However, biochar application increased the field capacity from 0.31 to 0.38 g H₂O g⁻¹ soil, raised soil air content from 22% to 29% at irrigation, and promoted the quinoa's soil water absorption below the wilting point. Furthermore, the application of 3 t·ha⁻¹ of biochar significantly enhanced quinoa yield, increasing it from 3.18 to 4.22 t·ha⁻¹, along with improvements in leaf area, total biomass, root length, and panicle length by 70.74%, 76.54%, 14.34%, and 16.55%, respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that a 3 t·ha⁻¹ biochar application mitigated the negative effects of water stress caused by prolonged irrigation intervals. This biochar treatment improved the soil's physical properties and enabled the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla to achieve yields close to its theoretical productive potential.
El proceso de licenciamiento institucional y la mejora de la investigación científica en la educación superior
(COMUNI@CCIÓN: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, 2024-09-24) Gómez Méndez, Julio; Prado Palomino, Jorge Alberto; Enciso Huillca, Edwar Rafael; Tenorio Alanya, Franz Martin; Pozo Curo, Carlos
Este estudio tuvo como problema central la necesidad de comprender el impacto del licenciamiento institucional en la mejora de la investigación científica en el contexto peruano. El objetivo principal fue analizar la literatura existente sobre este proceso y su influencia en la investigación científica educativa dentro del ámbito de la educación superior. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se empleó la metodología de revisión sistemática bajo el enfoque PRISMA, seleccionando 20 estudios entre los años 2019 y 2023. Estos estudios fueron seleccionados en función de su pertinencia en el contexto de la educación superior peruana y fueron extraídos de tres bases de datos confiables: ERIC, Scopus y SciELO, las cuales ofrecen un alto nivel de rigurosidad en la recopilación de datos. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática evidenciaron que el licenciamiento institucional juega un papel crucial en la mejora de la calidad educativa en el Perú, marcando una directriz clara en la consolidación de estándares académicos. En conclusión, se enfatiza que el licenciamiento institucional es un pilar fundamental para la mejora educativa, aunque la limitada producción académica constituye un desafío. Se propone incrementar la inversión en la cultura investigativa, promoviendo la participación de estudiantes en la generación y difusión del conocimiento científico.
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el currículo universitario peruano: una revisión sistemática
(Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales de la Universidad Cientifica del Sur, 2024-10-31) Gómez Méndez, Julio; Prado Palomino, Jorge Alberto; Enciso Huilla, Edwar Rafael; Tenorio Alanya, Franz Martín; Pozo Curo, Carlos
El objetivo principal del artículo es evaluar la presencia de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en el currículo universitario de centros de educación superior en el Perú, mediante un análisis de investigaciones en dicho campo. Bajo esta perspectiva, se utilizó el método de revisión sistemática PRISMA, se seleccionaron 50 estudios, y se facilitó la integración de evidencia en relación con la literatura académica. La exploración fue realizada a partir de cuatro bases de datos: Scopus, SciELO, ERIC y repositorios institucionales. Los resultados destacan que las instituciones superiores, ubicadas en diversas regiones peruanas, muestran un aumento en la preferencia por enfoques integrados en la planificación de los programas de estudio, lo que demuestra un compromiso con la consecución de los ODS. Se concluye que la incorporación de estos enfoques en el currículo académico denota una relevancia significativa en la preparación de estudiantes universitarios capacitados para hacer frente a los desafíos de sostenibilidad.
Recovery of the Tambobamba Watershed after Environmental Zoning and Monitoring Using Vegetation Indices
(International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2023-06) Solano Velarde, Zósimo; Quispe Reymundo, Bimael Justo; Révolo Acevedo, Ronald Héctor; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Bonilla Mancilla, Humberto Dax; Quispe Quezada, Luthgardo Pastor
Environmental zoning (EZ) in a watershed is intended to analyze the socioeconomic and biophysical parameters and design potential areas of intervention for the management and sustainability of natural resources, thereby improving people’s quality of life. EZ is incomplete without soil and water conservation techniques and management (SW/mct) to remediate natural environments. In this study, the Tambobamba watershed—during and after EZ—was analyzed in terms of socioeconomics, biophysics, and SW/mct, and monitored according to vegetation indices (VIs). To determine the socioeconomic situation, a rapid rural survey was conducted. To design biophysical maps, each area of the watershed was evaluated. The EZ was designed in 2018, under the demands and basic needs of the population. For monitoring in 2017, 2019, and 2021, the VIs were applied. Population density and poverty levels were low, economic activity was high, there was no university education, and basic services and communication routes were scarce. The watershed presented four climates, two natural domains, a glacial surface, six life zones, eight physiographic zones, two taxonomic orders of soils, and twelve geological classifications. The land is dominated by unused areas, the dominant slope was steep and had four types of HLCUs. Watershed remediation after S-W/mct showed that SAVI increased by 0.01, MSI increased by 0.8, EVI remained constant, NDWI increased by 0.06, and NDVI increased by 0.02. After performing the EZ, we affirmed that the Tambobamba watershed is in a slow recovery.
Agricultural eco-efficiency and water footprint- A case study of fifteen crops in the Chupaca province of Peru
(ANSF. Applied Natural Science Fundation, 2023-12-20) Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Quezada, Luthgardo P.; Révolo Acevedo, Ronald H.; Solano Velarde, Zosimo; Álvarez Orellana, Julio; Jauregui Ofracio, Janette; Quispe Reymundo, Bimael J.
The water footprint is an indicator of the impact of water use from its formation to its final destination. Agricultural eco-efficiency measures the efficient use of resources or materials available for crop production. Water's economic productivity analyses a product's efficient value as per its water supply and commercial value. The present research aimed to determine and relate the water footprint, economic productivity of water and agricultural eco-efficiency of 15 crops in the province of Chupaca - Peru. Georeferencing material was used for the delimitation of agricultural species, CROPWAT 8.0, CLIMWAT8.0, ArcGis 10.5 software, mathematical equations for the water footprint, agricultural eco-efficiency (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)) and economic productivity of water. The Total water footprint (TWF) of the fifteen crops was 1718237.01 m3/ton, likewise the BlueWF > GreenWF > GreyWF. In their economic outputs, gross value of production (GVP) > agricultural production (Ag-p) > economic rent agricultural (ERA) was verified. In environmental costs, water consumption that meets the needs of crops (Wc-Ag) > consumption of phytosanitary products (C-fly) > fertilizer consumption (C-fe) was determined. The average Agricultural eco-efficiency (Ag-Eec) and Economic water productivity (Ewp) were 89.8% and 0.046 PEN/m3 respectively. Statistical analysis between Ewp and Ag-Eec was rho = 0.18, t-test = 0.66 < 2.16 (α = 0.05; bilateral), and the correlation indicated that both activities are independent. The environmental costs and economic outputs of agricultural eco-efficiency did not influence the economic value of water.
Analyzing solid waste landfills using satellite imagery and designing new landfill reception areas
(ANSF. Applied Natural Science Fundation, 2023-06-20) Révolo Acevedo, Ronald H.; Quispe Reymundo, Bimael J.; Rodríguez Cerrón, Mauro; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Quezada, Luthgardo P.; Solano Velarde, Zosimo; Paredes Atoche, Víctor
Solid waste disposal is important for environmental management for good quality of life in urban cities. Among them is the final disposal of waste in landfills. Landfills can receive tons of waste, but they must be far away from natural resources and urban areas. The research aimed to analyze the physical and biological conditions and design a geolocation map of new sanitary landfills in three urban cities in Peru (Chilca, El Tambo and Huancayo). Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery was used to analyze the physical (LST and Methane) and biological (NDVI and SAVI) conditions of the landfills. The geolocation of the landfills was analyzed through the relationship, intersection and discrimination between their surface criteria (soil type, current use, geology and physiography) and climatic factors (temperature, humidity and precipitation). The physical and biological conditions of the landfills were: CH4: Chilca 8.33g > Huancayo 4.76g > El-Tambo 3.17g; SAVI: Chilca 0.61 > El Tambo 0.54 > Huancayo 0.51; LST: Huancayo 26.15°C > Chilca 24.03°C > El Tambo 22.75°C; NDVI: Chilca 0.85 > Huancayo 0.81 > El Tambo 0.8. In the three cities, "natural grasslands" were considered suitable land for the new solid waste landfill site. The multiple relationship, intersection, and discrimination of surface criteria and climatic factors were categorized into five types of sustainable geolocation (very appropriate > appropriate > moderately adequate > less appropriate > inappropriate) for new solid waste landfills. It was very important to discount the influence areas (rivers and lagoons) to avoid damaging the natural resources.
Palcayaco watershed management through environmental zoning in Huancavelica, Peru
(ANSF. Applied Natural Science Fundation, 2023-05-20) Quispe Reymundo, Bimael J.; Révolo Acevedo, Ronald H.; Caso Samaniego, Alvaro I.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Bonilla Mancilla, Humberto D.; Huamán Huamán, Cirilo W.; Jauregui Ofracio, Janette
The technical and integrated participation of the population in environmental zoning and soil and water conservation techniques and management is a sustainable alternative for watershed management. The objective of the research was to develop an environmental zoning map for the Palcayaco watershed in Huancavelica, Peru (from its socioeconomic aspects to its technical recommendations). The research work was deductive, where all the necessary data were delimited, described, inventoried, recapitulated and extracted to describe the morphometric parameters, biophysical and socioeconomic situation, environmental zoning and techniques for soil and water conservation. Results: the watershed was perennial, an average slope of 29.65%, a time of concentration of 180.6 min and a balanced hypsometric curve type (B). It also had low population density, unpaved roads, scarce basic services, and poor education and health services infrastructure. The watershed presented different ecoregions, life zones, climatic classification and altitudinal sector, current land use for agricultural, livestock and silvopastoral production, steep type, forest pasture use and protection capacity. The conflict area was in good use, and economic-ecological zoning was in protection, conservation, recovery, water, productive, and urban-industrial. The environmental zoning designed for the Palcayaco watershed preserved the most important natural resources for rural communities, improving their biophysical and socioeconomic status. Through soil and water conservation techniques and management, it will prevent the degradation of the watershed for a better and sustainable future.
Design of a Business Sustainability Measurement Method for Based on NeutroAlgebras Generated by the Combining Function in Prospector and Neutrosophic 2-tuple Linguistic Models
(International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, 2024-05-23) Moscoso Moscoso, Ketty Marilú; Beraún Espíritu, Manuel Michael; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Alvarez Bernuy, Silvia Marina; Quispe Solano, Miguel Angel; Julca-Marcelo, Edson Hilmer; Ramirez Salas, Wilfredo; Gamarra Moreno, Arturo
Business sustainability has become a global imperative in response to the environmental, social, and economic challenges facing our world. In this context, the measurement and evaluation of business sustainability have become crucial to guide the actions of organizations towards more responsible and sustainable practices. However, the lack of specific measurement instruments for specific regional contexts may limit the ability of companies to evaluate and improve their sustainability performance. In this paper, we present the design of a business sustainability measurement method adapted to the context of Tarma, Peru. Tarma, a region located in the heart of the Peruvian Andes, is characterized by its cultural, environmental, and economic diversity, making it a unique context to address business sustainability. This article proposes a method for measuring business sustainability based on the Neutrosophic 2-tuple Linguistic Model, which includes an aggregation operation based on a NeutroAlgebra generated by Combining Functions in Prospector.
Evaluation of the Economic Viability of Circular Models in Agri-culture Based on Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps
(International Journal of Neutrosophic Science (IJNS), 2024-05-09) Moscoso Moscoso, Ketty Marilú; Beraún Espíritu, Manuel Michael; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Alvarez Bernuy, Silvia Marina; Quispe Solano, Miguel Angel; Julca Marcelo, Edson Hilmer; Gamarra Moreno, Arturo; Ramirez Salas, Wilfredo
The main purpose of this evaluation is to analyze the economic viability of the implementation of circular models in agriculture in Tarma, Peru. This involves examining the costs and benefits associated with the adoption of circular practices, as well as identifying possible barriers and opportunities for their implementation at the local level. By better understanding the economic landscape, it will be possible to inform decision-making both at the government level and at the level of individual farmers. For the analysis, we have a committee of 30 experts who will evaluate the relationship between variables that positively or negatively affect the implementation of these models in the town. The tool selected for the analysis is Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps, which includes an indeterminacy component within the calculations. This allows greater accuracy in the results since indeterminacy is an inherent part of prediction.
Spray-Dried Porcine Collagen Microcapsules in Tara Gum–Maltodextrin Matrices: A Sustainable Approach to By-Product Valorization for Functional and Nutraceutical Applications
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Applied sciences, 2025-11-29) Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Ccana Buleje, Thamirys G.; Choque Quispe, David; Palomino Rincón, Henry P; Taipe Pardo, Fredy; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Mauricio Muñoz, Melgarejo; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Cervantes Carrión, Justina; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Jilaja Carita, Enoc E.
Within the framework of the circular economy, this study evaluated the valorization of pig trotters as a source of porcine hydrolyzed collagen, which was microencapsulated via spray drying in maltodextrin (95%) and tara gum (5%) matrices. A 22 factorial design was applied to analyze the effect of inlet temperature (140 °C and 160 °C) and core concentration (5% and 10% w/w) on the physicochemical, techno-functional, structural, and morphological properties of the microcapsules. The hydrolyzed collagen presented a protein content of 52.03%. The microcapsules exhibited protein contents ranging from 17.82 to 29.36%, moisture between 1.58 and 4.71%, water activity ranging from 0.24 to 0.38, bulk density ranging from 0.44 to 0.49 g/mL, hygroscopicity ranging from 24.72 to 38.08%, solubility between 81.23 and 82.80%, and particle size ranging from 4.85 to 6.52 µm. SEM micrographs revealed predominantly spherical particles with indentations and agglomerates. FTIR spectra confirmed the characteristic amide bands of collagen and molecular interactions within the tara gum–maltodextrin matrix, while TGA thermograms demonstrated the thermal stability of the formulations. Core content had a greater influence than temperature on all response variables. Overall, the findings confirm that spray-drying microencapsulation is an effective strategy for producing stable, dispersible collagen-based powders with potential for functional food and nutraceutical applications, representing a sustainable pathway for valorizing animal by-products within the circular economy.
Multicriteria geolocation for new urban areas: A case study in three cities of Peru
(ANSF. Applied Natural Science Fundation, 2025-12-20) Solano Acuña, Vreni Renán; Solano Velarde, Zosimo; Révolo Acevedo, Ronald Héctor; Quispe Reymundo, Bimael Justo; Castro Blancas, Medaly C.; Bonilla Mancilla, Humberto D.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Quezada Luthgardo Pastor
Urbanization, driven by the population's basic needs and regional geography, can lead to uncontrolled expansion. Therefore, multicriteria geolocation is proposed as an effective tool to identify areas that promote sustainable urban development. The objective of the research was to propose sustainable urban soils based on multicriteria soil types, focusing on the selection of three cities in Junín (Chanchamayo, Tarma and Jauja), Peru. A multicriteria analysis was employed, integrating eight edaphological criteria and the Fuzzy Logit method to manage the uncertainties inherent in geospatial data and calculate fuzzy weights to estimate the probability of urban areas. The results indicated that predominant areas, such as alluvial cones, intrusive rock hills, and extensive vegetation cover, were considered possible zones for urbanization, suggesting that the weights assigned to urbanization varied according to the edaphological criteria and their sub-criteria. The city of Tarma demonstrated notable suitability for urbanization, with 14.54% of its territory showing a probability of urbanization of 0.9; in comparison, Chanchamayo achieved a suitability of 89.22% of its territory, with a probability of urbanization of 0.75, while Jauja stood out as the city with the lowest suitability for urbanization. The application of Fuzzy logistics revealed that the probability of suitability for urbanization in Tarma, Chanchamayo, and Jauja was related to the size of the areas, showing that larger zones had a higher probability of being suitable for urban development.
Producción y calidad del fruto de palto en zona de influencia del vraem para industrialización
(ALFA. Revista de Investigacion en ciencia agronomicas y Veterinarias, 2025-09-10) Vítor Flores, Rebeca; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Quispe Quezada, Luthgardo; Torres Gutiérrez, William Blas
La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación de factores de producción, calidad del fruto de palto (Persea americana) en el distrito de Huanta, la metodología para el trabajo se realizó cuestionario de 24 preguntas, en 15 sectores del distrito de Huanta, ha 444 productores de palto, Resultados: 61% productores de palto calificaron de mediana importancia, los indicadores de la producción en los aspectos técnicos, económicos y rendimiento, 22% consideraron de alta importancia la producción en los aspectos técnicos, económicos y rendimiento y 17%. en calidad del fruto de palto 53% calificaron de bueno al fruto de primera calidad en aspectos de; longitud, peso, forma del fruto, pedúnculo del fruto y presencia de manchas, cicatrices, quemaduras de sol, estrías y grietas, 57% manifestaron deficiente el fruto de segunda calidad, quemaduras de sol, estrías y grietas 63% manifestaron de regular la tercera calidad de fruto de palto. conclusión la asociación general entre los indicadores de producción y calidad del fruto tienen una relación directa donde r= 0.363, quiere decir que existe la correlación entre los indicadores de producción y la calidad del fruto de palto es directa y significativa. Conclusión: la relación entre la producción y calidad del fruto de palto (Persea americana) en los sectores del distrito de Huanta, posee una relación significativa y directa donde |tcal| > |ttab| (5.5778 > 1.97), las labores de indicadores técnicos, económicos y rendimiento, posee una directa influencia en la obtención de frutos de diferente de diferente calidad.
Potencial de riego de aguas de microcuenca en áreas productivas en Andes Centrales de Perú
(ALFA. Revista de Investigacion en ciencia agronomicas y Veterinarias, 2023-04-28) Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Paytan Montañez, Tulio Celestino; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Aliaga Barrera, Issac
Perú en la actualidad vienen sufriendo problemas de estiaje, sequias, y la desaparición de los manantiales que es un problema grave para la agricultura; la falta de lluvia, disminución de los manantiales de agua y consecuencia de ello es la baja producción de la agricultura y otras actividades del campo. La supervivencia de la población depende de la producción agrícola, de la estación lluviosa durante los 12 meses del año existe la demanda de los cultivos en áreas productivas de palta. Por ello, el estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el caudal hídrico disponible del rio Luricocha. En cuanto al procesamiento metodológico las mediciones de caudal se realizaron 2 veces por semana con equipos “correntómetro” aguas arriba del rio, se encontró en los meses de noviembre 2020 a octubre 2021. En cuanto a los resultados se obtuvo que los caudales determinados fueron de 0.0047 a 1.3038 m³/s sin embargo, relacionando el caudal disponible frente a la demanda de los cultivos, existe déficit de agua para los 6 meses del año, los meses de producción y cosechas de los cultivos en -0.08227 a -0.17845 m³/s con clara deficiencia de agua para riego, el análisis estadístico de la disponibilidad hídrica y las áreas agrícolas consideradas tuvo un coeficiente R de Pearson de 0.8250 y un valor de P = 0.006 indicando una relación estadística altamente significativa. Conclusiones se pudo determinar que al incrementar el volumen de embalse de la microcuenca con la construcción de represamiento aguas arriba a fin de satisfacer la demanda de agua de los cultivos, así como implementar sistemas de riego tecnificado para un uso más eficiente de los recursos hídricos.
Concentración de metales pesados en cultivares de Persea americana, Luricocha, Huanta
(ALFA. Revista de Investigacion en ciencia agronomicas y Veterinarias, 2023-05-20) Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Casas Reátegui, Rubén; Huamani Urpe, Idania Lidia; Hinojosa Benavides, René Antonio
La contaminación por metales pesados se ha diseminado a lo largo y ancho del planeta, complicando el ambiente que se traduce en serios problemas de salud para la humanidad. El objetivo es determinar el nivel de concentración de plomo y cadmio, en los suelos del cultivo de palto (Persea americana) en Luricocha, para lo cual se realizó la extracción de muestras de suelo de siete comités de regantes, contando con una población de 138,82 hectáreas de cultivo; de tal manera que, por la magnitud del área se tomó en cuenta la muestra por conveniencia de 10 hectáreas de palto, siguiendo el protocolo de extracción en el palto por parte del laboratorio de Valle Grande, en la determinación de metales pesados mediante el método de espectrometría de absorción atómica de llama. Se destaca entre los resultados obtenidos que el tipo de textura arcillosa es el que contiene los mayores niveles de plomo con 49,23 mg/kg, seguido por un suelo franco arcilloso con 45,71 mg/kg; respecto al cadmio las mayores concentraciones se presentan en los suelos de textura franco arcilloso y arcillosa con 0,331 y 0,330 mg/kg. Se concluyó que, el plomo se encuentra por debajo de los estándares de calidad ambiental para suelos agrícolas; sin embargo, supera ampliamente los valores aceptables de plomo para un suelo no contaminado cuyo valor máximo se encuentra entre 0,0 y 0,2 mg.; por otro lado, el uso de fertilizantes fosfatos también se ha visto influenciado en la mayor concentración de cadmio en el suelo.
Technological Innovations in Sustainable Civil Engineering: Advanced Materials, Resilient Design, and Digital Tools
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Sustainability, 2025-09-29) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Muñoz Sáenz, Doris Marlene; Martinez Hernandez, Jaime Antonio; Garcia Espinoza, Antonina J.; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; Carrasco Badajoz, Carlos; Darwin Pino Cordero; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda
Civil engineering today faces the challenge of responding to climate change, rapid urbanization, and the need to reduce environmental impacts. These factors drive the search for more sustainable approaches and the adoption of digital technologies. This article addresses three principal dimensions: advanced low-impact materials, resilient structural designs, and digital tools applied throughout the infrastructure life cycle. To this end, a systematic search was conducted considering studies published between 2020 and 2025, including both experimental and review works. The results show that materials such as geopolymers, biopolymers, natural fibers, and nanocomposites can significantly reduce the carbon footprint; however, they still face regulatory, cost, and adoption barriers. Likewise, modular, adaptable, and performance-based design proposals enhance infrastructure resilience against extreme climate events. Finally, digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, digital twins, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and 3D printing provide improvements in planning, construction, and maintenance, though with limitations related to interoperability, investment, and training. In conclusion, the integration of materials, design, and digitalization presents a promising pathway toward safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and the concept of smart cities.
Technological Innovations and Circular Economy in the Valorization of Agri-Food By-Products: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Food, 2025-05-30) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Germán De la Cruz; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Garcia Espinoza, Antonina J.; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Muñoz Melgarejo, Mauricio; Jilaja Carita, Enoc E.
The valorization of agri-food by-products is a critical pathway toward building sustainable food systems, reducing waste, and advancing the circular economy. This review aims to identify recent advances, key challenges, and future perspectives in this field. We conducted a critical and systematic synthesis of 159 peer-reviewed studies (2019–2025) selected based on quality and thematic relevance from leading international databases. The analysis focuses on emerging technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microencapsulation, spray drying, lyophilization, deep eutectic solvents, and colloidal systems, emphasizing their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds from agro-industrial by-products. Significant challenges include industrial scalability, economic feasibility, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance. This paper also discusses current applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals, outlining promising directions for the sector. Although challenges remain, the findings offer valuable insights for researchers, industry, and policymakers aiming to foster sustainable innovation and implement strategies aligned with circular economy principles.
Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Gummy Candies Fortified with Microcapsules of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Blood Erythrocytes and Tumbo (Passiflora tarminiana) Juice
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Applied sciences, 2025-06-17) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Villano Limache, Eliana; Pichihua Oscco, Williams; Choque Quispe, David; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; De la Cruz, Germán; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Campos Huamaní, María José Victoria
Recently, interest in developing functional foods that promote health has grown significantly. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of microencapsulating guinea pig blood erythrocytes by vacuum drying and incorporating them into gummies fortified with tumbo juice. Physicochemical analysis (proximate analysis, iron content, color, pH, soluble solids, and particle size) and functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry were performed on three formulations of gummy candy ith added encapsulated erythrocytes from guinea pig blood (EEGPB): F1 (4% EEGPB), F2 (5% EEGPB), and F3 (6% EEGPB). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content (52.02% in F1 to 43.27% in F3) and increases in protein (11.44% in F3) and iron (2.63 mg Fe/g in F3) contents when higher EEGPB levels were used. Sensory evaluation revealed that F3 was the most acceptable formulation in terms of taste, aroma, and texture, with no significant differences in color. FTIR analysis confirmed physical incorporation with no chemical interactions between ingredients. These results demonstrate that the encapsulation of erythrocytes by vacuum drying not only preserves the bioactive compounds but also improves the organoleptic properties of the gummies, making them an attractive product for consumers. In conclusion, this technique is effective for fortifying functional foods and has potential application in other food products. This approach represents a significant advance in the development of innovative functional foods.
Preliminary Assessment of Tara Gum as a Wall Material: Physicochemical, Structural, Thermal, and Rheological Analyses of Different Drying Methods
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Polymers, 2024-03-19) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Choque Quispe, David; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Arévalo Quijano, José C.; De la Cruz, Germán; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermin
Tara gum, a natural biopolymer extracted from Caesalpinia spinosa seeds, was investigated in this study. Wall materials were produced using spray drying, forced convection, and vacuum oven drying. In addition, a commercial sample obtained through mechanical methods and direct milling was used as a reference. The gums exhibited low moisture content (8.63% to 12.55%), water activity (0.37 to 0.41), bulk density (0.43 to 0.76 g/mL), and hygroscopicity (10.51% to 11.42%). This allows adequate physical and microbiological stability during storage. Polydisperse particles were obtained, ranging in size from 3.46 µm to 139.60 µm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterisation confirmed the polysaccharide nature of tara gum, primarily composed of galactomannans. Among the drying methods, spray drying produced the gum with the best physicochemical characteristics, including higher lightness, moderate stability, smaller particle size, and high glass transition temperature (141.69 °C). Regarding rheological properties, it demonstrated a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour that the power law could accurately describe. The apparent viscosity of the aqueous dispersions of the gum decreased with increasing temperature. In summary, the results establish the potential of tara gum as a wall material applicable in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Actitud, motivación y ansiedad y su relación con el rendimiento académico
("Universo Sur", de la Universidad de Cienfuegos, publica la Revista Conrado , 06-2023) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Ponce Pardo, John Eloy; Chiri Saravia, Paulo Cesar
El estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar la influencia de la actitud, motivación y la ansiedad en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se siguió una metodología cuantitativa, se tuvo un diseño no experimental, correlacional causal y de corte transversal. Se contó con una muestra de 221 estudiantes, a quienes se aplicaron tres cuestionarios y se tomó en cuenta los promedios de notas del último trimestre, en el análisis estadístico se usó el descriptivo e inferencial con tablas de contingencias y el análisis de regresión logística ordinal. En los resultados se encontró que el 42.5% de los estudiantes presentaron una actitud regular hacia el estudio, un 52.9% de estudiantes presentan una motivación media hacia el estudio, así mismo un 52.9% de estudiantes presentaron una ansiedad moderada para el estudio, y respecto al rendimiento académico el 56.6% de estudiantes alcanzaron un nivel regular. Finalmente se concluye, que existe una influencia significativa de la actitud, motivación y la ansiedad en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, presentando una dependencia de hasta un 63.1% según el coeficiente de Nagelkerke.

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