Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Irrigation Water: Its Effect on Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Including Carbon Fixation and Root Growth

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dc.contributor.authorSucari León, Reynaldo
dc.contributor.authorZirena Vilca, Franz
dc.contributor.authorLaura Ponce, Tatiana Edith
dc.contributor.authorVera Loayza, Oscar Duberly
dc.contributor.authorVilela Junqueira, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorCahui Galarza, Nestor
dc.contributor.authorIngrid Maldonado
dc.contributor.authorCampos Quiróz, Clara Nely
dc.contributor.authorLuiz Tornisielo, Valdemar
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-17T22:34:35Z
dc.date.available2026-04-17T22:34:35Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe presence of antibiotics in irrigation water is an emerging problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation using water-containing ciprofloxacin on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) nitrogen and carbon fixation, number of root nodules, root and stem length, and root and stem weight. A surface layer of soil from Piracicaba, Brazil, was used in controlled conditions. The soil pH was adjusted to neutral levels, and alfalfa (M. sativa) was grown. Seeds inoculated with Rhizobium sp. were distributed in 12 pots comprising three treatments employing three repetitions and three controls. The experiment was conducted in a plant growth chamber, where six irrigations were carried out with contaminated water with ciprofloxacin at 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg L−1 for 40 days. The presence of ciprofloxacin in irrigation water decreased carbon fixation in alfalfa leaves by up to 8.9%, reducing the number of root nodules by 96% at 100 μg L−1 and leading to their elongation. However, it had no significant effect on soil nitrogen and carbon, similarly in stem length and, finally, in root and stem biomass. This indicates the tolerance capacity of alfalfa to the tested concentrations.
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2023.0329
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14388/153
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherEnvironmental Engineering Science
dc.rightshttps://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subjectemerging pollutant
dc.subjectNitrogen
dc.subjectPhytotoxicity
dc.subjectPlant growth
dc.subjectRhizobium
dc.titleAntibiotic Ciprofloxacin in Irrigation Water: Its Effect on Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Including Carbon Fixation and Root Growth
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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