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Fiesta patronal, símbolo de poder político en las comunidades andinas del Perú
(Clío. Revista de Historia, CIiencias Huamananas y Pensamiento Crítico, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Quispe Arroyo, Adolfo; Auccatoma Tinco, Roly
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la esencia del poder político de las fiestas patronales en el territorio peruano. Esta actividad patronal que congrega a miles de feligreses con devoción a un santo patrono, es simbolizada como un poder político por el mayordomo. El trabajo etnográfico en la fiesta patronal permitió recoger información en el escenario de los acontecimientos en la comunidad andina. La población participa activamente, sin conocer el interés y poder político que ejercen los mayordomos al aspirar a otros cargos públicos de influencia política en el Estado peruano. Se concluye que la fundación de Centros Poblados como estructura del Estado no tiene funcionalidad orgánica en los pueblos, por el contrario, es un símbolo de poder político para ascender a otros cargos de interés personal, utilizan la fe religiosa para imponer un patrono al pueblo de reciente formación para organizar su fiesta patronal.
Sexist advertising of women car washers in the Andean mountains
(Frontiers in Sociology, 2025) Aspur Barrientos, Jaime Carmelo; Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Moscoso Paucarchuco, Ketty Marílu; Munaris Parco, Sonia Beatriz; Quispe Rodriguez, Juan
The struggle for gender equity is progressing positively; however, the Peruvian highlands, characterized by its predominantly macho characteristics, lags behind in achieving this equity. The study on sexist advertising in car wash centers in the Peruvian highlands was conducted based on participant observation and interviews with the main actors who display sexist advertising posters on public roads. The objective of this study is to analyze the sexist implications of advertising posters with images of young women in skimpy clothing, exposing their body parts in full color while sensuously bathing in water, soap, and shampoo foam. This serves as an advertising hook to attract male customers seeking car washing services. However, it is concluded that this form of illegal advertising and labor practice is deemed sexist, as it lacks prior control by local authorities and violates principles of individual privacy and ethics. Sexism in car washes in the Peruvian highlands reaffirms the macho behavior of both private and public car drivers.
Donkey milk as a traditional remedy in the Andean community of Peru
(Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; González Ríos, Rosa Cecilia; Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Ccama Uchuri, Faustino; Aspur Barrientos, Jaime Carmelo; Ñaupa Figueroa, José Luis
Donkey milk was ancestrally used in the Andean communities of Peru as a natural remedy to treat various ailments, including asthma, gastritis and bronchitis. This qualitative ethnographic research explores the traditional knowledge associated with its use, therapeutic value and marketing practices in rural and urban contexts. In-depth interviews, participant observation and focus groups with producers, vendors and consumers in the city of Ayacucho and surrounding communities were used. The results show that donkey milk is considered an alternative to conventional medicine and, in some cases, a substitute for breast milk. However, its sale is informal, without sanitary regulation, and loaded with cultural stigmas. Information is transmitted orally, mainly in Quechua, which limits its scientific systematization. It is concluded that it is urgent to revalue this ancestral knowledge and integrate it into intercultural health and food security policies.
Intolerancia religiosa en el contexto universitario - Un estudio en la universidad pública andina
(Prometeica. Revista de Filosofía y Ciencias, 2024) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar
La investigación se enfoca en universidades de reciente creación que carecen de autoridades elegidas por voto universal, ya que estas son designadas por el Ministerio de Educación por tiempo indefinido. En este contexto, se identifican quince universidades con una Comisión Organizadora que ejerce funciones de rector y vicerrectores. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Huanta, que cuenta con seis años de funcionamiento académico. Durante el tiempo de trabajo en la universidad, se observó la convivencia de estudiantes, docentes y trabajadores de diversas religiones. El objetivo principal es analizar la problemática de la intolerancia religiosa en una institución universitaria laica. El estudio etnográfico concluye que existe una intolerancia significativa por parte de los católicos, lo que afecta a las minorías de otras religiones.
Land cover changes and comparison of current landscape metrics in a region of the Central Andes affected by population migration by population migration
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Arizapana Almonacida, Marco Aurelio; Pariona Antonio, Victor Henry; Castañeda Tincoa, Italo; Ascención Mendoza, Julio Cesar; Ramoni Perazzi, Paolo
The Andes region has a rich history of environmental and human interactions that has shaped the landscape for millennia. Our study quantified the land cover changes in the districts of Huanta and Luricocha after the human population abandoned the region due to the armed conflict with Peruvian authorities (1980 – 1990) and their progressive return (1990 – 2020). We analysed satellite images of various resolutions, including Landsat-5 for the years 1986, 1990, 2000 and 2010; Landsat-8 for the year 2020, Sentinel-2 for the years 2017 and 2020; PeruSat-1 for the years 2017 and 2020, to assess the temporal change of land cover and landscape metrics. The classification was based on the pixel approach for Landsat images and Sentinel-2 with an average accuracy of 88.29% and 92.13% respectively, and an object-based (GEOBIA) approach for Perusat-1 images, with an average accuracy of 87.75%.
The dominant coverages are high Andean grasslands, scrublands and croplands. According to the obtained data, high Andean grasslands and scrublands have decreased, which is associated with an increase in population over time. Likewise, there has been an increase in the area of lagoons and the expansion of nearby wetlands due to the construction of dams, driven by an increase in demand for water for human consumption and agriculture. However, areas with degraded soils, rocky outcrops, and forest plantations have expanded. The results suggest that abandoned agricultural lands did not recover quickly enough and more research and action is needed for restoration of the high-mountain ecosystem.
Landscape metrics such as Edge Density (ED), Euclidean Distance to Nearest Neighbor (ENN) and Aggregation Index (AI) were calculated for different land cover (LC/LU) to characterize composition and structure, showing their variation at different spatial resolutions. This indicates that increasing spatial resolution makes it possible to better define the landscape characteristics.