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Patronal Feast as a Symbol of Mayordomo’s ‘Purchasing Power’ in Huanta, Peru
(Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; González Ríos, Rosa Cecilia; Aspur Barrientos, Jaime Carmelo; Auccatoma Tinco, Roly; Urbay Lapa, Janeth Keyko
This is a qualitative study of a religious event of great importance in the community, where the mayordomo assumes a central role, not only as a spiritual leader, but also as a symbol of purchasing power. The objective of this research is to examine how the organization of the festival reflects the economic status of the mayordomo, who is forced to finance various aspects of the event in order to maintain his prestige within the community. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology is used, employing narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Through interviews with stewards and participants, narratives and discourses are identified that highlight how the position of stewardship is a manifestation of economic power and social respect. In conclusion, the festival not only has a religious value, but also a great economic and social significance, where the mayordomo exhibits his status through his ability to finance and organize the festivity, reaffirming his position within the community.
Car Wash a Sexist Job in the Peruvian Andes
(Journal of Ecohumanism, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Munaris Parco, Sonia Beatriz; Janampa Patilla, Hubner; Quispe Arroyo, Adolfo; Auccatoma Tinco, Roly
The objective of the research was to analyze how car wash work in the Peruvian Ande promotes sexist attitudes, especially through advertising featuring half-naked young women. The method used was ethnography, with participant observation and informal interviews, due to the social and informal nature of this type of work. The researchers' integration into the community of car washers, both as clients and as frequent passersby, was key to interacting with workers and clients on public roads, where labor practices are carried out illegally. The information collected was processed through field notes and reflection on the data obtained. It is concluded that informal car wash work in the Peruvian Ande perpetuates sexist attitudes, mainly through sexualized advertising of women. Despite the promotion of gender equity by the central government, local governments minimize these policies to preserve their popularity, which allows the continuity of sexist practices within this informal sector.
Fiesta patronal, símbolo de poder político en las comunidades andinas del Perú
(Clío. Revista de Historia, CIiencias Huamananas y Pensamiento Crítico, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Quispe Arroyo, Adolfo; Auccatoma Tinco, Roly
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la esencia del poder político de las fiestas patronales en el territorio peruano. Esta actividad patronal que congrega a miles de feligreses con devoción a un santo patrono, es simbolizada como un poder político por el mayordomo. El trabajo etnográfico en la fiesta patronal permitió recoger información en el escenario de los acontecimientos en la comunidad andina. La población participa activamente, sin conocer el interés y poder político que ejercen los mayordomos al aspirar a otros cargos públicos de influencia política en el Estado peruano. Se concluye que la fundación de Centros Poblados como estructura del Estado no tiene funcionalidad orgánica en los pueblos, por el contrario, es un símbolo de poder político para ascender a otros cargos de interés personal, utilizan la fe religiosa para imponer un patrono al pueblo de reciente formación para organizar su fiesta patronal.
Sexist advertising of women car washers in the Andean mountains
(Frontiers in Sociology, 2025) Aspur Barrientos, Jaime Carmelo; Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Moscoso Paucarchuco, Ketty Marílu; Munaris Parco, Sonia Beatriz; Quispe Rodriguez, Juan
The struggle for gender equity is progressing positively; however, the Peruvian highlands, characterized by its predominantly macho characteristics, lags behind in achieving this equity. The study on sexist advertising in car wash centers in the Peruvian highlands was conducted based on participant observation and interviews with the main actors who display sexist advertising posters on public roads. The objective of this study is to analyze the sexist implications of advertising posters with images of young women in skimpy clothing, exposing their body parts in full color while sensuously bathing in water, soap, and shampoo foam. This serves as an advertising hook to attract male customers seeking car washing services. However, it is concluded that this form of illegal advertising and labor practice is deemed sexist, as it lacks prior control by local authorities and violates principles of individual privacy and ethics. Sexism in car washes in the Peruvian highlands reaffirms the macho behavior of both private and public car drivers.
Donkey milk as a traditional remedy in the Andean community of Peru
(Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2025) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; González Ríos, Rosa Cecilia; Quispe Rodríguez, Juan; Ccama Uchuri, Faustino; Aspur Barrientos, Jaime Carmelo; Ñaupa Figueroa, José Luis
Donkey milk was ancestrally used in the Andean communities of Peru as a natural remedy to treat various ailments, including asthma, gastritis and bronchitis. This qualitative ethnographic research explores the traditional knowledge associated with its use, therapeutic value and marketing practices in rural and urban contexts. In-depth interviews, participant observation and focus groups with producers, vendors and consumers in the city of Ayacucho and surrounding communities were used. The results show that donkey milk is considered an alternative to conventional medicine and, in some cases, a substitute for breast milk. However, its sale is informal, without sanitary regulation, and loaded with cultural stigmas. Information is transmitted orally, mainly in Quechua, which limits its scientific systematization. It is concluded that it is urgent to revalue this ancestral knowledge and integrate it into intercultural health and food security policies.