Características organolépticas de la calidad y rendimiento del fruto de los biotipos promisorios de tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) en Canaán - INIA.
Fecha
2025
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Huanta
Resumen
La tuna, una planta de la familia de los cactus que crece rápidamente, está adaptada a condiciones ecológicas difíciles y es originaria de América, siendo una de las muchas riquezas que posee Perú. A pesar de los diversos beneficios que proporciona desde la base hasta los frutos, hasta el momento, no existen investigaciones adecuadas sobre la totalidad del fruto. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar las características organolépticas de la calidad y el rendimiento del fruto de los biotipos promisorios de tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) en Canaán – INIA, ubicada a una altitud de 2 740 m.s.n.m. La investigación se desarrolló El estudio se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2024 y junio de 2025, bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal (ex post facto). Se evaluaron seis biotipos promisorios (PTI0040, PTI0070, PTI0138, PTI0152, PTI0157 y PTI023A), considerando una muestra de 96 individuos. Las variables analizadas incluyeron características morfométricas (diámetro, longitud, peso del fruto, peso de pulpa y peso de cáscara), fisicoquímicas (pH y grados Brix) y parámetros de rendimiento, mediante técnicas de medición en campo y análisis de laboratorio. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre los biotipos evaluados. El diámetro promedio del fruto fue de 62,2 mm, destacando el biotipo PTI0157 con los mayores valores, mientras que la longitud promedio alcanzó 86,13 mm. En cuanto al peso del fruto, el promedio general fue de 207,37 g, sobresaliendo el biotipo PTI0138 por presentar el mayor peso total. Los valores de sólidos solubles oscilaron entre 11,86 y 12,38 °Brix, y el pH se mantuvo dentro del rango de 5,85 a 6,34, considerados óptimos para el consumo fresco y la agroindustrialización. Se concluye que los biotipos PTI0157 y PTI0138 presentan características superiores en términos de tamaño, peso de pulpa y rendimiento, lo que los convierte en alternativas promisorios para su promoción en sistemas de producción intensiva y procesos de valorización agroindustrial. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la identificación de materiales genéticos con mayor potencial productivo y calidad, fortaleciendo el desarrollo sostenible del cultivo de la tuna en la región de Ayacucho.
The prickly pear cactus, a fast-growing plant in the cactus family, is adapted to harsh ecological conditions and is native to the Americas, representing one of Peru's many treasures. Despite the various benefits it provides from its base to its fruit, there is currently no adequate research on the entire fruit. The objective of this research is to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of fruit quality and yield of promising prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) biotypes at Canaán – INIA, located at an altitude of 2,740 meters above sea level. The study was conducted between December 2024 and June 2025, using a quantitative approach and a nonexperimental, cross-sectional (ex post facto) design. Six promising biotypes (PTI0040, PTI0070, PTI0138, PTI0152, PTI0157, and PTI023A) were evaluated, considering a sample of 96 individuals. The variables analyzed included morphometric characteristics (diameter, length, fruit weight, pulp weight, and peel weight), physicochemical characteristics (pH and Brix degrees), and yield parameters, measured in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed significant differences among the evaluated biotypes. The average fruit diameter was 62.2 mm, with biotype PTI0157 exhibiting the highest values, while the average length reached 86.13 mm. The overall average fruit weight was 207.37g, with biotype PTI0138 having the highest total weight. Soluble solids values ranged from 11.86 to 12.38 °Brix, and the pH remained within the range of 5.85 to 6.34, considered optimal for fresh consumption and processing. It is concluded that biotypes PTI0157 and PTI0138 exhibit superior characteristics in terms of size, pulp weight, and yield, making them promising alternatives for promotion in intensive production systems and agro-industrial processing. These findings contribute to the identification of genetic materials with greater productive potential and quality, strengthening the sustainable development of prickly pear cultivation in the Ayacucho region.
The prickly pear cactus, a fast-growing plant in the cactus family, is adapted to harsh ecological conditions and is native to the Americas, representing one of Peru's many treasures. Despite the various benefits it provides from its base to its fruit, there is currently no adequate research on the entire fruit. The objective of this research is to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of fruit quality and yield of promising prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) biotypes at Canaán – INIA, located at an altitude of 2,740 meters above sea level. The study was conducted between December 2024 and June 2025, using a quantitative approach and a nonexperimental, cross-sectional (ex post facto) design. Six promising biotypes (PTI0040, PTI0070, PTI0138, PTI0152, PTI0157, and PTI023A) were evaluated, considering a sample of 96 individuals. The variables analyzed included morphometric characteristics (diameter, length, fruit weight, pulp weight, and peel weight), physicochemical characteristics (pH and Brix degrees), and yield parameters, measured in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed significant differences among the evaluated biotypes. The average fruit diameter was 62.2 mm, with biotype PTI0157 exhibiting the highest values, while the average length reached 86.13 mm. The overall average fruit weight was 207.37g, with biotype PTI0138 having the highest total weight. Soluble solids values ranged from 11.86 to 12.38 °Brix, and the pH remained within the range of 5.85 to 6.34, considered optimal for fresh consumption and processing. It is concluded that biotypes PTI0157 and PTI0138 exhibit superior characteristics in terms of size, pulp weight, and yield, making them promising alternatives for promotion in intensive production systems and agro-industrial processing. These findings contribute to the identification of genetic materials with greater productive potential and quality, strengthening the sustainable development of prickly pear cultivation in the Ayacucho region.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica, Características organolépticas, Biotipos, Rendimiento, Prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica, Organoleptic characteristics, Biotypes, Yield.