Examinando por Autor "Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A."

Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7
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    Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Quality in Chips of Native Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) Grown in the High Andean Region of PERU
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Food, 2023-06-28) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Palomino Rincón, Henry; Choque Quispe, David; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Arévalo Quijano, José C.; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Sucari León, Reynaldo; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; García Espinoza, Antonina J.
    Native potatoes (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) have diverse pigments and are cultivated in Peru’s high Andean regions; they are characterized by containing bioactive compounds that prevent various degenerative diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory quality in chips of native potato clones grown at 3496 m altitude, for which the potatoes were cut into slices and fried in extra virgin olive oil at 180 °C for 200 s. This was determined by proximal analysis, reducing sugars, minerals, color, antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic compounds (TPC), and anthocyanins in fresh and chips; an instrumental characterization by FTIR and SEM and sensory tests were also performed. The native potatoes presented low moisture and reduced sugar contents; when frying, their bioactive properties improved, increasing AC, TPC, and trace elements, such as K, Mg, Ca, P, Fe, and Zn. To conclude, fresh clones have high yields in the field and are an essential source of nutrients and bioactive; the salt-free chips of clone B presented better physicochemical properties and greater sensory acceptance, closely followed by clone A. Both clones could be used as raw material by food companies that produce snacks to benefit high Andean agricultural producers.
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    Nanoencapsulation of Phenolic Extracts from Native Potato Clones (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) by Spray Drying
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Molecules, 2023-06-24) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Choque Quispe, David; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Palomino Rincón, Henry; Taipe Pardo, Fredy; Aguirre Landa, John Peter; Arévalo Quijano, José C.; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Sucari León, Reynaldo; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Muñoz Saenz, Judy M.; Guzmán Gutiérrez, Rodrigo J.
    Native potato clones grown in Peru contain bioactive compounds beneficial to human health. This study aimed to optimize the spray-drying nanoencapsulation of native potato phenolic extracts utilizing a central composite design and response surface methodology, obtaining the optimal treatment to an inlet temperature of 120 °C and an airflow of 141 L/h in the nano spray dryer B-90, which allowed maximizing the yield of encapsulation, antioxidant capacity (DPPH), encapsulation efficiency (EE), total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids; on the other hand, it allowed minimizing hygroscopicity, water activity (Aw), and moisture. Instrumental characterization of the nanocapsules was also carried out, observing a gain in lightness, reddening of the color, and spherical nanoparticles of heterogeneous size (133.09–165.13 nm) with a negative ζ potential. Thermal, infrared, and morphological analyses confirmed the encapsulation of the core in the wall materials. Furthermore, an in vitro release study of phenolic compounds in an aqueous solution achieved a maximum value of 9.86 mg GAE/g after 12 h. Finally, the obtained nanocapsules could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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    Native Potato StarcTara Gum as Polymeric Matrices to Obtain Iron-Loaded Microcapsules from Ovine and Bovine Erythrocytes
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Polymers, 2023-11-04) Gutiérrez Gómez, Edgar; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Choque Quispe, David; Ramos Pacheco, Betsy S.; Arévalo Quijano, José C.; Germán De la Cruz; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Muñoz Melgarejo, Mauricio; Calsina Ponce, Wilber César
    Iron deficiency leads to ferropenic anemia in humans. This study aimed to encapsulate iron-rich ovine and bovine erythrocytes using tara gum and native potato starch as matrices. Solutions containing 20% erythrocytes and different proportions of encapsulants (5, 10, and 20%) were used, followed by spray drying at 120 and 140 °C. Iron content in erythrocytes ranged between 2.24 and 2.52 mg of Fe/g; microcapsules ranged from 1.54 to 2.02 mg of Fe/g. Yields varied from 50.55 to 63.40%, and temperature and encapsulant proportion affected moisture and water activity. Various red hues, sizes, and shapes were observed in the microcapsules. SEM-EDS analysis revealed the surface presence of iron in microcapsules with openings on their exterior, along with a negative zeta potential. Thermal and infrared analyses confirmed core encapsulation within the matrices. Iron release varied between 92.30 and 93.13% at 120 min. Finally, the most effective treatments were those with higher encapsulant percentages and dried at elevated temperatures, which could enable their utilization in functional food fortification to combat anemia in developing countries.
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    Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Gummy Candies Fortified with Microcapsules of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Blood Erythrocytes and Tumbo (Passiflora tarminiana) Juice
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Applied sciences, 2025-06-17) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Villano Limache, Eliana; Pichihua Oscco, Williams; Choque Quispe, David; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; De la Cruz, Germán; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Campos Huamaní, María José Victoria
    Recently, interest in developing functional foods that promote health has grown significantly. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of microencapsulating guinea pig blood erythrocytes by vacuum drying and incorporating them into gummies fortified with tumbo juice. Physicochemical analysis (proximate analysis, iron content, color, pH, soluble solids, and particle size) and functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry were performed on three formulations of gummy candy ith added encapsulated erythrocytes from guinea pig blood (EEGPB): F1 (4% EEGPB), F2 (5% EEGPB), and F3 (6% EEGPB). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content (52.02% in F1 to 43.27% in F3) and increases in protein (11.44% in F3) and iron (2.63 mg Fe/g in F3) contents when higher EEGPB levels were used. Sensory evaluation revealed that F3 was the most acceptable formulation in terms of taste, aroma, and texture, with no significant differences in color. FTIR analysis confirmed physical incorporation with no chemical interactions between ingredients. These results demonstrate that the encapsulation of erythrocytes by vacuum drying not only preserves the bioactive compounds but also improves the organoleptic properties of the gummies, making them an attractive product for consumers. In conclusion, this technique is effective for fortifying functional foods and has potential application in other food products. This approach represents a significant advance in the development of innovative functional foods.
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    Preliminary Assessment of Tara Gum as a Wall Material: Physicochemical, Structural, Thermal, and Rheological Analyses of Different Drying Methods
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Polymers, 2024-03-19) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Choque Quispe, David; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Arévalo Quijano, José C.; De la Cruz, Germán; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermin
    Tara gum, a natural biopolymer extracted from Caesalpinia spinosa seeds, was investigated in this study. Wall materials were produced using spray drying, forced convection, and vacuum oven drying. In addition, a commercial sample obtained through mechanical methods and direct milling was used as a reference. The gums exhibited low moisture content (8.63% to 12.55%), water activity (0.37 to 0.41), bulk density (0.43 to 0.76 g/mL), and hygroscopicity (10.51% to 11.42%). This allows adequate physical and microbiological stability during storage. Polydisperse particles were obtained, ranging in size from 3.46 µm to 139.60 µm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterisation confirmed the polysaccharide nature of tara gum, primarily composed of galactomannans. Among the drying methods, spray drying produced the gum with the best physicochemical characteristics, including higher lightness, moderate stability, smaller particle size, and high glass transition temperature (141.69 °C). Regarding rheological properties, it demonstrated a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour that the power law could accurately describe. The apparent viscosity of the aqueous dispersions of the gum decreased with increasing temperature. In summary, the results establish the potential of tara gum as a wall material applicable in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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    Spray-Dried Porcine Collagen Microcapsules in Tara Gum–Maltodextrin Matrices: A Sustainable Approach to By-Product Valorization for Functional and Nutraceutical Applications
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Applied sciences, 2025-11-29) Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Ccana Buleje, Thamirys G.; Choque Quispe, David; Palomino Rincón, Henry P; Taipe Pardo, Fredy; Moscoso Moscoso, Elibet; Mauricio Muñoz, Melgarejo; Luciano Alipio, Rober; Cervantes Carrión, Justina; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Quispe Quezada, Uriel Rigoberto; Jilaja Carita, Enoc E.
    Within the framework of the circular economy, this study evaluated the valorization of pig trotters as a source of porcine hydrolyzed collagen, which was microencapsulated via spray drying in maltodextrin (95%) and tara gum (5%) matrices. A 22 factorial design was applied to analyze the effect of inlet temperature (140 °C and 160 °C) and core concentration (5% and 10% w/w) on the physicochemical, techno-functional, structural, and morphological properties of the microcapsules. The hydrolyzed collagen presented a protein content of 52.03%. The microcapsules exhibited protein contents ranging from 17.82 to 29.36%, moisture between 1.58 and 4.71%, water activity ranging from 0.24 to 0.38, bulk density ranging from 0.44 to 0.49 g/mL, hygroscopicity ranging from 24.72 to 38.08%, solubility between 81.23 and 82.80%, and particle size ranging from 4.85 to 6.52 µm. SEM micrographs revealed predominantly spherical particles with indentations and agglomerates. FTIR spectra confirmed the characteristic amide bands of collagen and molecular interactions within the tara gum–maltodextrin matrix, while TGA thermograms demonstrated the thermal stability of the formulations. Core content had a greater influence than temperature on all response variables. Overall, the findings confirm that spray-drying microencapsulation is an effective strategy for producing stable, dispersible collagen-based powders with potential for functional food and nutraceutical applications, representing a sustainable pathway for valorizing animal by-products within the circular economy.
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    Technological Innovations and Circular Economy in the Valorization of Agri-Food By-Products: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Food, 2025-05-30) Sucari León, Reynaldo; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Huamán Carrión, Mary L.; Calsina Ponce, Wilber Cesar; Germán De la Cruz; Calderón Huamaní, Dante Fermín; Cabel Moscoso, Domingo J.; Garcia Espinoza, Antonina J.; Aroquipa Durán, Yolanda; Muñoz Saenz, Jenny C.; Muñoz Melgarejo, Mauricio; Jilaja Carita, Enoc E.
    The valorization of agri-food by-products is a critical pathway toward building sustainable food systems, reducing waste, and advancing the circular economy. This review aims to identify recent advances, key challenges, and future perspectives in this field. We conducted a critical and systematic synthesis of 159 peer-reviewed studies (2019–2025) selected based on quality and thematic relevance from leading international databases. The analysis focuses on emerging technologies such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microencapsulation, spray drying, lyophilization, deep eutectic solvents, and colloidal systems, emphasizing their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds from agro-industrial by-products. Significant challenges include industrial scalability, economic feasibility, regulatory compliance, and consumer acceptance. This paper also discusses current applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals, outlining promising directions for the sector. Although challenges remain, the findings offer valuable insights for researchers, industry, and policymakers aiming to foster sustainable innovation and implement strategies aligned with circular economy principles.